1. Silicosis
pneumoconiosis caused by long-term excessive inhalation of rock dust containing crystalline free silica
when mining, Quarrying and tunneling, workers engaged in rock drilling, blasting and other operations have more opportunities to contact with dust; There are opportunities to contact silica dust (commonly known as silica dust) in stone rolling, crushing, mixing materials for glass, enamel and refractory manufacturing, and in sand grinding, sand mixing, molding, furnace building, sand blasting and sand cleaning in foundry industry
prevention: prevention is the key to control silicosis. All factories and mines in China have adopted comprehensive dust prevention measures, such as wet operation, closed dust source, ventilation and dust removal, equipment maintenance and repair, combined with personal protection, regular monitoring of dust concentration in the air and strengthening publicity and education, so as to greatly reduce the incidence of silicosis, prolong the length of service and delay the progress of disease
8. Mica pneumoconiosis
long term inhalation of mica dust can cause mica pneumoconiosis. Workers engaged in mica mining and processing can be exposed to mica dust. The classification of mica pneumoconiosis includes mica miner’s pneumoconiosis and mica processing worker’s pneumoconiosis. The main pathological change of mica pneumoconiosis is dust diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
during the process from mining to grinding, mica dust and other silica dust will also be exposed. Pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling this mixed mica dust is called mica silicosis. The latent period of mica pneumoconiosis was 17-25 years. The rate of pulmonary tuberculosis is high< Ceramic pneumoconiosis 9. Ceramic pneumoconiosis refers to the pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to a certain amount of dust in the production process of ceramic industry. Pottery workers’ pneumoconiosis occurs in the pottery industry prevention: the ceramic industry dust-proof firing ceramics through multiple processes, to develop the corresponding dust-proof measures: 1. Raw material processing produces the most dust. Coarse crushing and crushing should adopt mechanical linkage operation and centralized control; The control area and dust operation area should be isolated; The feeding port, discharging point and material operation point are equipped with airtight cover or air suction cover. Wet operation shall be adopted for rough crushing of ore. airtight cover and air suction cover shall be set for rough crushing, grinding, mixing and drying of ore to prevent dust from escaping< The main measures are to keep the working environment and equipment clean, and to minimize the residual mud after pressing. The surplus sludge should be collected in the box for treatment, the drying equipment should be protected and cleaned, and the wet operation should be adopted for the repair of the billet. 1n dry operation, the suction hood shall be set at the operation point. Glazing spray should be carried out inside the hood and in the hood. The bottom glaze should be cleaned by wet method, and the suction hood should be set when dry method is used. The air suction hood shall be set for the cleaning of the fine billet, and the mechanical cleaning such as air gun shall be adopted. 1t is forbidden to blow the dust with the nozzle. Green body bonding, drilling with wet operation, if using dry operation, to set up suction hood. The cutting, grinding and brushing of green body grinding wheel should be equipped with air suction hood< 3. Dust prevention: tunnel kiln or intermittent large-scale trolley kiln should be used, and the kiln operated manually in the kiln should be eliminated. During the loading operation, the staff should try to be on the windward side of mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation. Cushion should be used in the sagger. 1t is strictly forbidden to use quartz powder or chaff ash as cushion. The green body to be burned should be put into the box in time to avoid dust pollution; The air suction hood shall be set at the coal inlet of roasting to clean the coal ash and wet it with water 4. Personal protection: employees who are exposed to dust must wear dust masks, dust-proof clothes and dust-proof caps that meet the health standards, and the employer must carry out occupational health examination for the employees before and during the work according to the law< Aluminum pneumoconiosis is a kind of pneumoconiosis caused by long-term inhalation of aluminum powder or alumina dust. 1n the production environment and process, long-term inhalation of aluminum powder or dust containing alumina, long-term retention in the body, deposition in the lung tissue, leading to pulmonary fibrosis, known as aluminum pneumoconiosis. Aluminum is a silver white light metal, which is widely used in aviation, building materials preparation, smelting aluminum, production of aluminum powder and other operations; Aluminum powder is used to make explosives, igniting agents, etc; The polycrystal formed by melting alumina in electric furnace can be made into abrasive powder and abrasive tools. Workers in these industries can be exposed to aluminum powder or alumina dust and cause aluminum pneumoconiosis< Welder's pneumoconiosis is a chronic lung fibrosis disease caused by long-term inhalation of high concentration welding fume prevention: welder’s pneumoconiosis generally develops slowly, does not affect life span, and mainly controls complications and complications. Prevention is the key to control pneumoconiosis. All factories and mines in our country have adopted comprehensive dust prevention measures, such as sealing dust source, ventilation and dust removal, equipment maintenance and repair, plus personal protection, regular monitoring of dust concentration in the air and strengthening publicity and education, so as to greatly reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis, prolong the length of service and delay the progress of disease all factories and mines should do a good job in pre employment physical examination, including X-ray chest film, for the workers who are newly exposed to dust. Those with active tuberculosis inside and outside the lung, various respiratory diseases (chronic rhinitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) are not suitable for dust work. Workers in factories (mines) should have regular physical examination, including X-ray chest film. The interval of examination depends on the dust concentration in the air, once a year to twice a year or three years. 1f suspected cases are found, close observation and regular review should be focused; 1f pneumoconiosis is diagnosed, the welder should be transferred away from the job immediately. According to the identification of labor ability, appropriate work should be arranged and comprehensive treatment should be given< 12. Foundry worker's pneumoconiosis is a systemic disease mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue caused by long-term inhalation of foundry worker's dust and retention in the lung during occupational activities. Foundry dust refers to clay, graphite, pulverized coal, limestone and talc dust with low silica content 13. Other pneumoconiosis can be diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis and the pathological diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis we solemnly declare that this article is an original article of China labor insurance network. 1f you need to reprint it, please indicate the source