PPE

Harm and protection measures of liquid ammonia

Liquid ammonia, also known as anhydrous ammonia, is a colorless liquid with strong pungent smell. Ammonia is an important chemical raw material. For the convenience of transportation and storage, gaseous ammonia is usually pressurized or cooled to obtain liquid ammonia. Liquid ammonia is mostly stored in pressure cylinder or steel tank, which is corrosive and easy to volatilize. The invasion ways of liquid ammonia include inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption. For the health of the body mainly refers to: low concentration of ammonia has a stimulating effect on the mucosa, high concentration can cause tissue necrosis. Acute poisoning: mild cases with tears, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, expectoration, etc; Congestion and edema of conjunctiva, nasal mucosa and pharynx; Chest X-ray signs were consistent with bronchitis or peribronchitis. Moderate poisoning aggravated the above symptoms and dyspnea; Chest X-ray signs were consistent with pneumonia or interstitial pneumonia. Severe cases can cause toxic pulmonary edema, respiratory distress syndrome, severe cough, large amount of pink foam sputum, respiratory distress, delirium, coma, shock and so on. Laryngeal edema or bronchial mucosa necrosis may occur. High concentration of ammonia can cause reflex respiratory arrest. Liquid ammonia or high concentration ammonia can cause eye burns; Liquid ammonia can cause skin burns

hazards of liquid ammonia and related protective equipment

there are different degrees of exposure risks of liquid ammonia in liquid ammonia related operations, filling and transportation, facility maintenance and leakage treatment. Liquid ammonia has chemical damage to the respiratory system and skin. 1f it invades the respiratory system, it will cause respiratory mucosa irritation, respiratory system injury, dyspnea and even life hazards; Contact with eyes and skin can also cause burns. 1t is necessary to comprehensively consider the protection of respiratory system and whole body, including respiratory protective equipment, protective clothing, eye and face protective equipment, gloves, boots, etc. Respiratory protective equipment includes but is not limited to filter type semi mask respirator (equipped with filter box, filter tank, etc.), filter type full mask respirator (equipped with filter box, filter tank, etc.), self-contained air respirator (self-contained compressed air bottle), etc. masks shall not be used. Protective clothing includes but is not limited to fully enclosed A-level airtight chemical protective clothing, fully enclosed B-level liquid tight chemical protective clothing, one-piece chemical protective clothing, split chemical protective clothing, chemical protective apron, etc. Eye and face protective equipment includes but is not limited to protective glasses, protective goggles, protective face screens, etc. 1t is necessary to consider the protective performance of relevant protective equipment for liquid ammonia, and select and combine them according to the specific operation situation, so as to achieve sufficient protective effect and give consideration to the actual needs of operation

protection against small amount of liquid ammonia splashing

there is a risk of splashing caused by small amount of liquid ammonia spilling in the routine operations related to liquid ammonia, filling and transportation (such as liquid ammonia unloading), facility maintenance and small amount of tank leakage. The respiratory system and the whole body should be protected under the exposure scenario of small amount of liquid ammonia splashing

a small amount of liquid ammonia and volatilized ammonia may affect the oxygen content in the air in confined space or relatively narrow space. 1f the oxygen content is below 19.5%, self-contained air breathing apparatus is required; 1n the development space, the oxygen content in the air is not affected, so the filter type half mask respirator or full mask respirator (equipped with filter box, filter tank, etc.) can be considered for protection, and the polluted air can be filtered (the pollutant concentration and required protection factor should be considered when choosing half mask or full mask). 1f the filter type half mask respirator is used, it needs to be equipped with a protective eye mask or a protective face screen to protect the eyes and face. The filter type full mask respirator can protect the eyes and face at the same time, and it does not need to be equipped with a protective eye mask or a protective face screen. A small amount of liquid ammonia and volatilized ammonia can also cause harm to skin. The temperature of liquid ammonia is very low, and volatilization will lead to low temperature. Therefore, comprehensive consideration should be given to body protection. Protective clothing should protect the penetration of liquid, liquid ammonia and ammonia, and the physical and protective properties of clothing will not be affected when encountering low temperature liquid ammonia, One piece chemical protective clothing with better protective effect on liquid ammonia and ammonia can be selected. Appropriate chemical resistant gloves should be selected for hand protection. Chemical protective gloves need to be connected with the cuffs of chemical protective clothing through adhesive tape or special connector to prevent liquid and gas from flowing into the inside. The edge of head cover of chemical protective clothing should cover the edge of respirator mask to prevent liquid and gas from flowing in

protection against large amount of liquid ammonia leakage

in case of emergency, there is a risk of large amount of liquid ammonia leakage. Under the exposure scenario of rescue, leakage stoppage and accident treatment, the respiratory system and the whole body need to be protected at the highest level. A large amount of liquid ammonia leakage will lead to high ammonia concentration in some areas, and even reduce the oxygen content in confined space or narrow space. 1t is not suitable to use filter respirator, but self-contained air respirator (self-contained compressed air bottle); The protective clothing should also adopt the fully enclosed airtight chemical protective clothing (air breathing apparatus built-in), the chemical protective clothing fabric should prevent the penetration of liquid ammonia and ammonia, the clothing should be fully enclosed and air tight, and the physical properties, chemical protective performance and air tightness will not be affected when encountering low temperature liquid ammonia

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