The ways of poison invading into human body
the harmful ways of toxic chemicals to human body include respiratory tract (inhalation), digestive tract (oral intake), skin (absorption), subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous injection, mucous membrane and other special ways. The fastest absorption rate was intravenous injection, followed by respiratory tract, oral and skin absorption. 1n industrial production, the main way of toxic chemicals is respiratory tract, followed by skin, while other ways such as digestive tract and mucous membrane are rare
1. Entering through respiratory tract is the most important, common and dangerous way. 1n the production process, poisons in different forms such as gas, vapor mist, smoke and dust can be inhaled into the respiratory tract at any time
whether the poison can enter the alveoli with the inhaled air and be absorbed by the alveoli has a great relationship with the particle size and water solubility of the poison: when the poison is in the form of gas, steam, smoke, etc., it is easy to reach the alveoli because the particles are very small, generally less than 3 microns. However, most of the fog and dust larger than 5 microns are blocked by the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract when entering the respiratory tract, and are easily dissolved by the mucus of upper respiratory tract when passing through the respiratory tract, so they are not easy to reach the alveoli; However, in the special case of high concentration, some of them can reach the alveoli. When the poison reaches the alveoli, the poison with high water solubility can be absorbed faster through the alveoli; Similarly, poisons with small particles can be easily dissolved and absorbed quickly through alveoli
after being absorbed by alveoli, toxicants directly enter the blood circulation and distribute to the whole body without detoxification of liver, resulting in toxic effect, so they are more dangerous< There are two main ways for skin to absorb poison: through the epidermal barrier and through the hair follicle. 1n some cases, it can also enter through the sweat gland duct because the membrane of epidermal cells under the cuticle is rich in phospholipids, it has a barrier effect on non fat soluble substances, and the basement membrane at the junction of epidermis and dermis also has a similar effect. Although fat soluble substances can pass through this barrier, they are not easily absorbed by blood unless they are also water-soluble the second way for poison to enter the body through the skin is to bypass the epidermal barrier, pass through the hair follicle, directly through the sebaceous gland cells and the hair follicle wall, enter the dermal papilla capillary and be absorbed by the blood some poisons can enter the skin through the epidermis and hair follicles at the same time the quantity and speed of toxicant absorbed through the skin are not only related to its fat solubility, water solubility, concentration and skin contact area, but also related to the external temperature, humidity and other conditions the toxicants that invade through the skin are not detoxified by the liver after absorption, but directly distribute in the whole body with the blood circulation 3. Entering through digestive tract in the production environment, poisoning caused by simple absorption of poison from digestive tract is relatively rare. Eating by mistake is often caused by bad health habits, such as eating or drinking in the production environment; Or poison from the respiratory tract into the human body, part of the adhesion in the nasopharynx mixed in its secretions, unintentionally swallowed. After entering the digestive tract, most of the toxicants are excreted with feces. Some of them are absorbed in the small intestine and excreted after detoxification and transformation by the liver. Only a small part of them enter the blood circulation system copyright notice: This article is reproduced from the network media, only represents the author’s point of view, and has nothing to do with this website. 1f the information column articles and comments violate your legal rights, please call to let us know and we will deal with them in time