1rritant gas refers to the harmful gas that can stimulate the eyes, respiratory tract mucosa and skin. The common gases are chlorine, ammonia, phosgene, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, etc
industrial characteristics of irritant gas poisoning
the injury of irritant gas to people is mainly local stimulation and damage. The severity of damage is mainly related to the concentration of inhaled poison, absorption speed and contact time. When the stimulation effect is too strong, it will cause systemic reaction
according to the time characteristics, the cases of irritant gas poisoning are high in spring and summer
analysis of poisoning cases over the years, the main poison is chlorine poisoning, followed by inorganic acid, ammonia and phosgene
from the perspective of industry, chemical industry is the most common poisoning case, followed by textile and garment industry, manufacturing, service and commerce, water treatment, and food brewing, transportation and storage
the main posts are production, maintenance, cleaning and blasting, followed by transportation, painting, welding, weaving and gluing
hardware measures to prevent poisoning
most of the causes of irritating gas poisoning are caused by running, emitting, dripping and leaking in the production process. The following measures are recommended to prevent poisoning:
(1) the quality of production facilities and equipment should be qualified, and regular inspection and maintenance should be carried out
(2) the operators should work in strict accordance with the safety operation regulations, and try to eliminate the running, emitting, dripping and leakage in the process
(3) do a good job in regular production environment monitoring, timely discover and rectify the hidden danger of occupational poisoning protection knowledge
(4) choose suitable personal protective equipment and do a good job in personal protection< (5) the workplace should be equipped with necessary first aid equipment< (6) adhere to the occupational health examination before and during the work, and take corresponding measures for the workers with occupational contraindications
selection criteria of protective equipment
the main contact route of irritant gas is direct contact of respiratory tract, skin or eyes, and the operators should focus on strengthening the protection of respiratory tract, skin and eyes. Respiratory protective equipment with appropriate protection level should be selected according to the hazard level determined by on-site monitoring data
(1) respiratory protection: different respiratory protective equipment with different configuration can reduce the pollutant concentration by different times. The occupational health and safety management department of the employer should, on the premise of fully identifying the hazards and comprehensively evaluating the exposure risk of the operators, select the suitable respiratory protective equipment according to the requirements of the national standard selection, application and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment (GB / t18664)
A. if the field concentration is 10 times lower than the national standard, half mask respirator can be selected
B. if the on-site concentration is 10 times higher than the national standard but less than 100 times, full face respirator should be selected
C. if the field concentration is 100 times higher than the national standard, power supply respirator, positive pressure long tube respirator or other suitable respiratory protection products should be selected
(2) eye protection: when irritant gas irritates eyes and skin at the same time, full mask respirator is preferred, and anti chemical eye mask and goggles are worn to prevent burns or tissue damage caused by direct contact of eyes with liquid
(3) skin protection: wear protective clothing and gloves to prevent skin frostbite when transporting, using irritating gas cylinders, tanks or maintaining or repairing gas pipelines; 1n the process of acid-base preparation and production, we should also consider the corrosivity, and wear chemical protective clothing and protective gloves< (1) when learning the knowledge of occupational poisoning prevention of close fitting respirators such as half face mask and full face mask, the users should pass the suitability test
(2) when using filter type respiratory protective equipment, it should be determined that the filter box used has filtering effect on the gas that may be contacted according to gb2890-2009. 1f chlorine gas is prevented, special filter components for chlorine gas should be selected; Acid gas such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride should be selected as acid gas filter box / tank, and ammonia gas should be selected as ammonia gas filter box; Phosgene protection belongs to special gas protection. Consult respirator manufacturer to select suitable filter respirator or air supply respirator
(3) if there are many kinds of gases (chlorine, ammonia, etc.) in the workplace at the same time, the multi-functional filter box / tank that can cover these gases should be selected
(4) for workplaces with acid mist, dust and poison combination filter components should be selected
(5) for special types of gases, such as nitrogen oxides, phosphine, etc., which belong to the protection of special gases, if there is no special effective filter box / tank, priority should be given to the use of air supplied respiratory protective equipment< (6) in case of emergency rescue, or preparing to enter the environment with unknown concentration, and when the concentration of harmful gas in the workplace has reached the concentration of immediate threat to life or health, the following measures should be taken immediately:
A. use the portable positive pressure respirator with full face mask
B. long tube positive pressure respirator with full face mask or air supply hood can be used on the premise of respirator suitable for auxiliary escape, and filter respirator is prohibited
(7) people who store or transport irritating gas bottles or tanks, or who enter workplaces with gas delivery pumps, pipelines, valves, etc., which are easy to cause gas escape, should be equipped with breathing apparatus suitable for escape (sulfur dioxide, etc., use acid gas breathing apparatus, ammonia gas breathing apparatus; When multiple gases coexist, comprehensive escape respirator should be selected
symptoms of irritating gas poisoning
chlorine is a yellow green gas with strong irritating smell, which can generate hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid when it meets with water. Electrolytic salt, tap water disinfection and synthetic pigments, fibers, drugs, paper and other manufacturing industries may be exposed to chlorine
most of the acute chlorine poisoning is due to the running, emitting, dripping and leaking of chlorine in the workplace. What are the manifestations of acute chlorine poisoning
1f a small amount of chlorine is inhaled carelessly, obvious irritation symptoms will appear, such as photophobia, tears, sore throat, cough, etc; Then there will be chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and headache, dizziness symptoms. 1f the high concentration of chlorine is inhaled in a short time, it can also cause coma or even death
sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with strong pungent odor
(1) sulfur dioxide can generate sulfite and sulfuric acid when contacting with the wet mucosal surface, which is very irritating to eyes and respiratory tract
(2) exposure to a small amount of sulfur dioxide can lead to eye burning pain, tears, sneezing, sore throat, cough and other symptoms, and severe chest tightness, chest pain, dyspnea and even acute chemical pneumonia
(3) inhalation of high concentration of sulfur dioxide can cause pulmonary edema. People with pulmonary edema can cough frequently and produce lots of white or pink foam like sputum. Br / >
phosgene is also called carbon? Chlorine, colorless gas at room temperature, with the smell of moldy licorice or rotten fruit
phosgene is highly toxic, which can cause serious health damage and irritate human eyes and respiratory tract. According to the different exposure concentrations, the poisoning patients may have tears, photophobia, throat discomfort, cough, chest tightness and other symptoms. Severe poisoning patients may have severe pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and may die of respiratory failure
ammonia is a colorless gas with strong pungent odor, and the manifestations of ammonia poisoning are different due to different contact ways:
(1) respiratory inhalation, short-term inhalation can cause sore throat, cough, blood in sputum, chest tightness and dyspnea; The poisoning is accompanied by dizziness, headache and nausea. 1n severe cases, pulmonary edema, laryngeal edema, asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome may occur< (2) skin contact may cause burns< (3) eye contact can cause corneal perforation, lens opacity, iritis and even blindness (4) systemic poisoning, when ammonia is absorbed into the blood, can lead to nervous system poisoning, causing drowsiness, coma, and even cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest hydrogen chloride is a kind of irritating gas, which is distributed in the air in the form of acid mist, and its aqueous solution is hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is formed when hydrogen chloride comes into contact with water. 1f hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid mist is inhaled carelessly, it will cause strong irritation and corrosion to respiratory tract, causing burning sensation and swelling of nasopharynx, laryngospasm, and laryngeal edema. 1n serious cases, it will cause chemical pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and even life-threatening. Skin and eye contact with acid mist, local swelling, congestion and even chemical burns may occur< (1) if a large amount of irritant gas is inhaled, the contact should be removed from the contact environment immediately and moved to a place with good ventilation and fresh air to keep warm and rest; 1f breathing stops, give artificial respiration and seek medical advice as soon as possible (2) after direct contact with irritant gas or its solution, immediately flush (irrigate) eyes with a large amount of water, wash and open upper and lower eyelids from time to time, and seek medical advice immediately (3) after skin contact with irritant gas or its solution, the contaminated clothes should be removed quickly, the contaminated skin should be washed with water immediately, and the patient should be treated quickly this article is reprinted by 1nternet media, which only represents the author’s point of view and has nothing to do with China labor insurance network. 1f the information column articles and comments violate your legal rights, please call to let us know and we will deal with them in time