social division of labor, professional cooperation, base production, regional layout, industrial cluster and industrial agglomeration have become the main direction of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The picture shows workers working in the spinning workshop of Zhejiang Zhuji Furun Textile Co., Ltd
since the reform and opening up, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China has been a process of continuous agglomeration and clustering, from the original self-employed, “front shop and back factory” to “one village, one product” and “one town, one product”, and then to today’s socialized division of labor, specialized cooperation, base production and regional layout< According to statistics, up to 2010, China has formed more than 2000 industrial clusters with a certain scale by guiding the agglomeration development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises in the specialized division of labor and cooperation, symbiosis and common prosperity, win-win development, while enhancing the core competitiveness, but also effectively promote the rapid development of related industries and regional economy small agglomeration gives birth to large industry the development of an industry requires not only the leading enterprises to play a leading role, but also a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to cooperate in division of labor and supporting production, so as to form a “forest economy” phenomenon of symbiosis and common prosperity of big trees and small trees walking on the four streets in the shape of “well” in Chendai town of Jinjiang City, it’s like entering a sea of shoes. Here, more than 600 enterprises of footwear and shoe materials are lined up, stretching for several kilometers; There are all kinds of materials needed by the shoe industry, ranging from machinery and equipment to nails and buckles; Here, Anta, kangta, Delphi and many other famous sports shoes brands gather< No one can imagine that Chendai town had no shoes to buy more than 20 years ago. Today, Jinjiang has become the world's largest sports shoes production base, with an annual output of more than 1 billion pairs of sports shoes" 1t is relying on the advantages of the industrial chain that has been gathering for more than 20 years that Jinjiang shoe industry can become bigger step by step, and many brands have emerged to become the "shoe capital of China." Hong Yuquan, executive vice mayor of Jinjiang City, said small agglomeration spawns big industry. The development process of Jinjiang shoes industry is a microcosm of the cluster development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. From the self-employed mode of “front shop and back factory” in the early stage of reform and opening up, to “one product for each village” and “one product for each town” later, to today’s socialized division of labor, specialized cooperation, base production and regional layout, industrial cluster and industrial agglomeration have become the “boat of life” for the survival and development of China’s small and medium-sized enterprises “the development of an industry requires not only a group of leading enterprises to play a leading role and occupy the commanding heights of the industry, but also a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to cooperate in division of labor and support production, so as to form a” forest economy “phenomenon in which big trees and small trees coexist and flourish together.” Shen Qing, President of Beijing jinbide Economic Management Research 1nstitute, said, “so how should these thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises develop? 1t depends on the division of labor and cooperation and complementary advantages of industrial clusters, the improvement and aggregation of industrial chains, and the power of “team operations” to achieve the common development of an industry. “ cluster development has become the general direction of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. At present, in China’s coastal cities, along the river and inland areas, various types of industrial clusters have been formed. Statistics show that during the “Eleventh Five Year Plan” period, the central financial funds have supported 2468 technological progress projects such as the specialization of small and medium-sized enterprises and the cooperation with large enterprises. 1n 2010, some localities made use of regional advantages and characteristics to guide the agglomeration and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. More than 2000 industrial clusters of a certain scale have been formed. Some small and medium-sized enterprises have also taken steps in “specialization, refinement, specialty and innovation” division of labor and cooperation to enhance competitiveness in the industrial cluster, the closer the small and medium-sized enterprises are to the supporting suppliers, the finer the specialized division of labor, and the higher the degree of industrial chain collaboration, the more competitive the products will be in the new light source industrial base in Luocun, Foshan, Guangdong, there is a “special” factory building: in this factory building shared by Foshan Nanhai Chuguang Lighting Appliance Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Saifu Energy Saving Technology Development Co., Ltd., the LED lamp beads on Nanhai Chuguang production line can be directly installed on Saifu’s lighting products sharing workshops can effectively reduce production costs, and more clearly explain the “truth” that a small and medium-sized enterprise knows: in an industrial cluster, the closer to supporting suppliers, the finer the specialization division of labor, and the higher the degree of industrial chain collaboration, the more competitive the products will be “our research shows that in areas where the clustering of small and medium-sized enterprises is developed, the product varieties and categories are very complete, and the matching radius of many products is within 50 km to 100 km. For example, the auto parts and computer industries of Kunshan City in Jiangsu Province and Dongguan City in Guangdong Province, which are highly developed in industrial clusters, can be completed in the whole city. ” Qin Zhihui, director of the SME development promotion center of the Ministry of industry and information technology, said that through “multi variety centralized production, multi enterprise centralized procurement and large enterprise centralized assembly”, the industrial development pattern of “small products and large supporting facilities” will be rapidly formed in the industrial cluster, which can effectively reduce the production and management costs of SMEs and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises specialized division of labor has brought about the continuous agglomeration of production factors such as technology, management, capital and talents, which has become the source of technological innovation for small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, in Jinjiang, the production of sports shoes can be completed in several towns, from heel, upper, shoe machine to fabric, sales display, etc. the smooth flow of information and capital also greatly improves the ability of product design nowadays, the division and cooperation of small and medium-sized enterprises is no longer limited to the production field, but has expanded to the whole industrial chain. For example, in Zhejiang Yiwu small commodity accessories market and Guangzhou Shiling 1nternational Leather City, there are tens of thousands of people engaged in the procurement, supply, sales, logistics and other services of raw and auxiliary materials. Through specialized division of labor and cooperation, thousands of “green leaf” small and medium-sized enterprises have been born to serve the leading enterprises, and the competitiveness and scale advantage of industrial clusters have been further enhanced improve the service and lay a solid foundation small and medium-sized enterprises have a wide range and a large number, and their independent innovation ability is inherently deficient. Strengthening the construction of common technology service platform is an effective way to promote the independent innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, the local flooring enterprises are full of praise when they talk about the productivity promotion center of new plate. 1n recent years, relying on the center, the enterprises of Changzhou flooring industry cluster have successively developed a variety of new technologies and new products, such as “V-groove”, “true wood grain” and geothermal floor, straw floor, etc., and obtained invention or utility model patents from more than 70 countries “it is the common practice and successful experience of many economically developed countries to help small and medium-sized enterprises improve their technological innovation ability by taking common technology service platform as the carrier.” Zhu Hongren, member of the Party group and chief engineer of the Ministry of industry and information technology, believes that China’s small and medium-sized enterprises have a wide range and a large number, and their independent innovation ability is inherently deficient. Strengthening the construction of common technology service platform is an effective way to promote the independent innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises according to the data, in 2010, the Ministry of industry and information technology has successively supported the construction of 238 public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises in industrial clusters or small and medium-sized enterprises gathering areas, identified 100 national public service demonstration platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises, and promoted the construction of public service infrastructure for a number of local small and medium-sized enterprises. According to incomplete statistics, 858 public service platforms have been identified in 18 provinces similar public technology “incubator” has become an important starting point for the structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises. Zheng Xin, deputy director of the Department of small and medium sized enterprises of the Ministry of industry and information technology, said that during the “12th Five Year Plan” period, in guiding the industrial structure adjustment of small and medium-sized enterprises, efforts will be made to promote the construction of service system for small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to improve their comprehensive competitiveness< According to the introduction, in 2011, the Ministry of industry and information technology will focus on promoting the construction of industrial cluster public service platform and comprehensive public service platform in large and medium-sized cities; We will continue to do a good job in identifying national public service demonstration platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises, and identify and support 180 public service platforms" During the 12th Five Year Plan period, in addition to continuing to arrange supporting funds to support technological transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, it will also focus on supporting public service platforms in industrial agglomeration areas, so as to achieve the effect of "supporting one or two enterprises and benefiting a large area". On this basis, it will further support small and medium-sized enterprises to take the path of "specialization and innovation", comprehensively improve the level of division and cooperation of small and medium-sized enterprises' industrial clusters, guide the orderly transfer of industries, optimize the industrial layout, and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises